Category: Alaska News

The firm developing the proposed trans-Alaska natural gas pipeline has proposed limiting the price for natural gas sold through the pipeline to Alaskans. 

If accepted by legislators, the limit would prevent the cost of gas from rising if the pipeline costs more than expected.

The new proposal from pipeline developer Glenfarne comes as the Alaska Legislature continues meeting in a 30-day special session, considering a major tax break to support the AKLNG pipeline project. That project aims to build an 807-mile pipeline to bring natural gas from the North Slope to Cook Inlet for export and in-state use.

A price cap could resolve one sticking point in negotiations over the proposed tax break, but with half of the special session gone, a variety of other issues remain unresolved.

Those include basic elements about the tax break, including its size and length, as well as how municipal governments will be compensated for the impacts of construction, which is expected to bring as many as 12,000 new workers to the state temporarily.

The House Finance Committee is expected to begin voting on possible solutions to those issues next week.

Natural gas is the primary fuel for home heating and electricity in Southcentral Alaska, but  officials estimate that by the end of the decade, local production from gas fields beneath Cook Inlet will be insufficient to meet demand.

Prices are already rising, and several gas-import projects have been proposed. The AKLNG pipeline is another possible solution, but because the pipeline and supporting infrastructure are so large, the project would need to also sell gas overseas in order to offset costs.

If the pipeline is built but no exports take place — something that could happen if the pipeline costs more to build than expected — the Alaska Department of Revenue has estimated that AKLNG gas would be much more expensive than imported gas.

In legislative hearings, that risk has caused some lawmakers to question the project.

Speaking to the Senate Finance Committee on Wednesday, Glenfarne Alaska LNG president Adam Prestidge said the company is on the verge of finalizing a firm, 30-year contract with Enstar, the largest natural gas utility in Southcentral Alaska.

That fixed-price arrangement would guarantee natural gas at no more than $16 per MMBtu, a measurement of heat capacity. 

If the pipeline costs more than expected, cost overruns would not be passed on to consumers, said John Sims, Enstar’s president, when speaking to the House Finance Committee on Monday.

“Enstar’s agreement has a fixed price, and Enstar does not care if the project goes over cost. It does not impact in any way, shape, or form the price that we would be charging customers as a fixed price,” he said.

Rep. Alyse Galvin, I-Anchorage, immediately responded to Sims’ comment.

“A lot of us are very excited to say, yes, I 1,000% support this, because I want to keep low prices,” she said.

Capped price would be cheaper than imported gas

The figure given by Prestidge is equivalent to about $16.59 per thousand cubic feet of natural gas, using a standard conversion. That is cheaper than the forecast price of imports.

Dan Stickel, chief economist for the Alaska Department of Revenue, told legislators in late May that the department’s estimate for the cost of imported gas in 2033 — AKLNG’s planned completion date — “came to about $17 per thousand cubic feet price range.” 

Sims told legislators on Monday that Enstar currently expects a “total, all-in cost between $16-22” per thousand cubic feet for imported gas. 

Enstar’s current cost of gas is $10.80 per thousand cubic feet, but that will rise in coming years as production declines in Cook Inlet. 

The $16 per MMBtu figure is a maximum, Prestidge said. If the pipeline is developed according to plan, exports would subsidize the cost of in-state gas, dropping it as low as $5 per MMBtu, he said.

Glenfarne’s $16 figure could rise with inflation, Prestidge said, but it wouldn’t be affected by cost overruns on building the pipeline.

Prestidge told the Senate Finance Committee that Glenfarne is open to applying a price cap on gas sold to other utilities and industries that might use natural gas.

“Glenfarne is supportive of language being added to any property tax bill that prohibits cost overruns on the project from being borne by either the state or the regulated ratepayers who are buying gas off the pipeline,” he said.

While a final deal between AKLNG and utilities is subject to approval by regulators, a price cap would directly address legislators’ concerns about affordability.

“I think putting that (cap) in a bill would provide a ton of reassurance, because it substantially mitigates your risk in a low-volume scenario,” said Rep. Zack Fields, D-Anchorage.

Sen. Kelly Merrick, R-Eagle River, listened in person to Prestidge on Wednesday.

“I don’t know if $16 is the perfect cap, but it’s addressing a significant concern and protecting Alaska ratepayers,” she said.

Long-awaited pipeline cost estimate met with mixed reaction 

On the same day that Prestidge discussed the price cap, he also disclosed updated cost estimates for the pipeline project, saying the first phase of the project is now expected to cost between $13.2 billion and $16.9 billion. 

Building facilities needed for gas exports would raise the cost to between $44.5 billion and $54.5 billion, Glenfarne estimates.

Legislators have previously criticized a lack of updated cost estimates, saying their absence is hampering their ability to work on a tax break.

Sen. James Kaufman, R-Anchorage, said the new data and the proposed cost cap “was kind of a tipping point” in discussions.

“I think it gives us more information to do our due diligence,” said Sen. Lyman Hoffman, D-Bethel and co-chair of the Senate Finance Committee.

Alaska currently levies a 2% tax on oil and gas property. Cities and boroughs are permitted to claim some or all of that tax on property within their boundaries. 

To incentivize AKLNG investors, Dunleavy proposed replacing the property tax with an “alternative volumetric tax” of 6 cents per thousand cubic feet of gas shipped through the pipeline. The change would effectively result in a 90% tax break, and there would be no tax during construction, because gas isn’t yet being shipped. 

The impact of the switch would be heaviest on municipalities. They would have to deal with the consequences caused by having thousands of extra people living nearby, but they would have little (or no) new tax revenue to cover the resulting costs.

The North Slope Borough funds most of its services through the petroleum property tax and has opposed Dunleavy’s proposed change.

Rep. Robyn Niayuq Frier, D-Utqiagvik, represents the North Slope. She has deep concerns about the switch to a volume-based tax and thinks Glenfarne’s new cost estimates are still too low. 

“I think there are a lot of people who are having these conversations who think that there’s no way this is actually going to happen, that this is a pipe dream,” she said of the pipeline project.

The House and Senate Finance committees are considering whether to set the natural gas tax at something like 40 cents per thousand cubic feet — or higher — and how long the switch from a property tax to a volumetric tax should last. 

That would reduce the size of the break that Dunleavy requested and increase the amount the state and boroughs would collect in revenue.

Dunleavy has suggested that the new tax should last the life of the project. Other legislators, including Frier and Sen. Bert Stedman, R-Sitka, are suggesting shorter terms. 

Lawmakers are also debating the size of a proposed “impact fund” that Glenfarne would provide to cover the costs that cities and boroughs would incur as thousands of workers gather to build the pipeline.

Legislators also haven’t decided what communities would be eligible for the fund or how the money would be distributed.

The House Finance Committee is scheduled to begin debating the unresolved issues on Monday and could advance a bill to the House floor as soon as the second half of next week. 

The Senate could take up that measure on the week of the 15th, but with the special session ending on June 19, there’s a real risk that legislators will run out of time before they decide the multibillion-dollar issues at stake.

“We have to find a product that meets the polar opposite forces that are out there,” said Speaker of the House Bryce Edgmon, I-Dillingham.

“The needle’s not been threaded yet, and if we don’t get the needle threaded … I think ultimately, then the 30 day special session is — I don’t know what’s going to happen. I just, quite frankly, don’t know.”

Correction: This article has been updated to clarify that legislators are considering taxes per thousand cubic feet of gas, not per cubic foot. The initial version of this article included incorrect units in one sentence.

Early summer sun beamed down on the opening of Celebration, a festival that honors Southeast Alaska Indigenous cultures. The Grand Entrance drew thousands of dancers, families and supporters for the biennial tradition in Juneau. 

This year, an estimated 1,800 dancers of all ages gathered on Wednesday from Indigenous communities from across Alaska, the Great Plains and the Hawaiian Islands, to kick off four days of celebrating Native culture and heritage. 

“It feels so good, it makes my heart feel whole again, to be able to dance with a lot of my relatives again,” said Thomas Yellowhorse Davis who is Oglala Lakota and Tlingit from Hoonah, and dancing with the Mt. Fairweather dance group. He wore striking traditional regalia with an eagle feather headdress and bustle that he made in the Plains-style tradition from Pine Ridge, South Dakota, he said, but was dancing Tlingit warrior dances with the dance group from Hoonah. 

“It’s so powerful, you know. I love to be able to dance with them so much, and it just warms my heart to be able to be here every time the Celebration comes,” he said. 

Beside him, Kimberly Dominguez-Davis, of the Yaqui tribe located in Tucson, Arizona, wore a traditional jingle dress, regalia that has metal cones sewn to create a rhythmic sound when dancers move. “This dress is a healing dress for whoever feels sick or cannot walk. We dance for them to heal, and this jingle dress, it represents the rain and the thunder,” she said.

The Davises, who are married, said they were both glad to see so many families, especially with young children, attend Celebration and express their culture and Native heritage. 

“Because all over the world, and especially with the nations here in Turtle Island, we have some of these tribes that have lost their languages,” said Dominguez-Davis. “And some have gone extinct, but here it’s so strong. They’re keeping their culture alive and strong, and the children they’re making sure the children learn their languages and their songs and they’re dancing here, and that’s really special to me.”

Thirty four dance groups participated in the Grand Entrance, where groups processed in a two-hour event along Willoughby Avenue in downtown Juneau and through Centennial Hall’s main stage before a packed audience, singing, drumming and dancing.

Celebration began in 1982 as a dance and culture festival to celebrate Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian cultures of Southeast Alaska, according to its organizer, the non-profit Sealaska Heritage Institute, in Juneau. Over four and a half decades, it’s grown to celebrate, embrace and connect Native cultures from across the globe. This year, the theme is “enduring strength.”

The event typically draws thousands to Juneau, as well as thousands of viewers online through a livestream of dozens of events each day by the local public media station, KTOO.

Ricardo Worl, who is Tlingit from Juneau and dances with the Chilkat Thunderbird & Sockeye Clans dance group, wore a traditional Chilkat robe newly woven by a family member, a Navajo weaver. 

“We have lots to celebrate. I think the Tlingit people are setting a good example based on our traditional values of how we interact with the land, and also how we interact with each other. We have responsibilities to each other, especially to members of our opposite clans,” he said. 

“I think it’s just a good example, and probably a highlight when we think about what’s happening in our country today,” he added. “This whole next four days is going to be a really inspirational example of what our country could be like.” 

On the main stage in Centennial Hall, Rosita Ḵaaháni Worl, president of Sealaska Heritage Institute and Ricardo Worl’s mother, addressed the crowd following the Grand Entrance. She said the theme “enduring strength” was chosen to reaffirm the will and determination Tlingit, Haida and Tshimshian people have cultivated to overcome adversity over the last 12,000 years.

“Enduring strength is also a statement that we can overcome the challenges that we are now facing with national political forces that seek to undermine our culture, diminish our basic civil rights and human rights, and to subjugate the people of color,” she said.

“We stand here proud and strong, and knowing that our core cultural values will guide us through these challenging times,” she said.

Worl also acknowledged those who are grieving lost loved ones: “To those who are experiencing this sorrow, know that you have a tribe standing behind you, and that the spirit of our clans have come forth to strengthen you and your families. I know that we have the strength of the of our ancestors and of our spirits to live another 12,000 years on this land,” she said, then called out to the crowd. “Whose land is this?” 

“Our land!” The crowd chanted back. 

On Wednesday, more than 100 people arrived by traditional canoe, called a yaakw in Tlingit, from communities across Southeast Alaska and First Nations of Canada, including paddlers from Yakutat, Haines, Kake, Hoonah, Angoon, Wrangell and Petersburg. The group from Petersburg was paddling the first canoe to be built locally in over a century. 

The four days of Celebration includes events and activities celebrating traditional song, dance, Native languages, food, classes and art including a toddler regalia review and an Indigenous fashion show.

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Just as hundreds of fishermen begin pouring into the Aleutian Islands ahead of its most productive season, a conflict over restrictions on commercial salmon harvests has erupted.

After the Alaska Board of Fisheries passed restrictions on the Aleutian commercial fleet to protect salmon bound for Western Alaska spawning streams, Alaska’s acting attorney general, Cori Mills, invalidated the measures last month.

Now, subsistence advocates say they may try to win the restrictions back in a lawsuit against Mills.

The board’s new regulations, pushed by subsistence fishermen for years as Western Alaska salmon runs declined, would have shortened the number of days and size of the harvest that commercial fishermen could make in the Aleutians, widened a regulated area and added some restrictions on net depths.

The threat of a lawsuit follows the subsistence advocates’ attempt to re-implement the regulations ahead of the commercial fishery opener on June 6. The advocates tried to join a lawsuit originally filed by the commercial fleet and its allies that challenged the restrictions — but the judge threw out the suit Monday.

A lawsuit and ethics complaints

June is when salmon, after fattening themselves for years in the North Pacific Ocean, squeeze through narrow channels between the Aleutians on their way back to the waters where their lives began as eggs in gravel beds.

Some are headed for spawning streams in rural Western and Interior Alaska — regions where Indigenous subsistence fishermen have seen salmon populations crash for over a decade, making it difficult for residents to put food on their tables.

The conflict over these salmon pits the mostly Indigenous subsistence fishermen, along rivers like the Yukon and Kuskokwim, against the commercial fleet in the Aleutians, which hails from all over Alaska and the lower 48.

Each group says the salmon is critical to maintaining their way of life, their community and their culture. The commercial fishermen say their income has taken a big hit in recent years, due in part to falling fish prices — but also because they have been voluntarily regulating their own fishery, closing down on some days in an attempt to let salmon pass through to Western Alaska subsistence rivers.

The issue heated up ahead of the February meeting of the Board of Fisheries. After years of pressure from the subsistence fishermen and Tribal leaders, the board adopted more restrictive measures targeting the June salmon fishery in a section of the Aleutians known as Area M.

After the most contentious proposed restrictions passed in a 4-3 vote, the Aleutians East Borough, along with six local Tribes aligned with commercial fishing interests, filed two ethics complaints against several of the board members in the majority.

The complaint alleged that Olivia Irwin, Märit Carlson-Van Dort, and Curtis Chamberlain had conflicts of interest. It also alleged that Chamberlain made a “materially false statement” when he denied having advocated for Western Alaska fishermen against Area M commercial fishing interests in his role as a lawyer for the Calista Corporation, the Alaska Native regional corporation for the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region.

That lack of disclosure, the complaint alleged, violated both Alaska’s Executive Branch Ethics Act and its Administrative Procedure Act.

After the borough said its ethics complaint went “unanswered for 42 days,” it filed a lawsuit in April in Anchorage Superior Court asking a judge to strike down the new regulations on the basis of a lack of scientific evidence — as well as based on Chamberlain’s alleged “materially false statement.”

Other groups joining the borough’s lawsuit included an Aleutian tribal government and two Area M commercial fishing organizations.

Weeks later, on May 19, Mills, the acting attorney general, sided with the commercial fishermen in their ethics complaint — rejecting most of the board’s regulation changes because, she ruled, the vote to pass the regulations was improper. A spokesman for the state Department of Law did not respond to multiple requests for comment about Mills’ decision.

The Aleutians borough and the commercial fishing groups then dismissed their lawsuit, given that the attorney general had nixed the regulations they challenged.

In a last-ditch effort, though, a group representing Western Alaska subsistence harvesters, the Bering Sea Fishermen’s Association, filed a formal objection to the dismissal. After the judge overseeing the case, Herman Walker Jr., rejected the request, the subsistence group said it may try to appeal to the Alaska Supreme Court.

Mike Kramer, a lawyer for the subsistence groups, complained at the lack of public rationale the attorney general gave in her short letter siding with the commercial fishermen on the ethics violations, as well as the judge’s subsequent rejection — typed in a single word, “denied,” on the groups’ motion.

“I would hope he would have spent a little more time and actually typed up his own order denying our motion,” Kramer wrote in an email.

For subsistence fishermen: every salmon matters

Charlie Wright is one of the subsistence fishermen, and chair of the Yukon River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission. He is Athabaskan and grew up in the Yukon River village of Rampart, and later lived for decades in Tanana, downstream.

When he was growing up and raising his own family, Wright practiced subsistence fishing as much as possible, taking for granted sometimes how much abundance there was.

“There was so much fish when I was a kid that we could literally see them jumping from my grandma’s camp,” said Wright.

But Wright says that due to a mix of overfishing, climate change and poor management of the fisheries on the Yukon River, the fish are going away. Summer chum salmon on the Yukon River have seen about a 72% decline over the past 5 years, compared with the two decades prior. And that’s on top of declines in the other subsistence food he relies on, like moose and caribou.

“I lived my whole life on a river, and I’d be still there, just living that good, healthy lifestyle,” said Wright. But now, instead of hunting and fishing in his village himself, he has moved to Fairbanks so he can spend his time sitting on 11 subsistence advocacy boards and committees to try to preserve his way of life.

“The whole salmon culture from the Yukon River is gone now,” he said.

Wright points out that while the Aleutians commercial fishery remains open, allowing the harvest of some Western Alaska salmon, the Yukon River has been closed down to most subsistence salmon fishing for years.

Studies show that the Aleutians fishery is taking some fish from Western Alaska. But the research is inconclusive as to how many.

Scientists also believe climate change is the driving force behind the region’s salmon declines. Still, longtime subsistence fishing advocate Karen Gillis, with the Bering Sea Fishermen’s Association, said with a crash so dire, getting every spawning salmon back matters.

“Where we can influence human-induced harvest of these stocks, we need to be doing that,” she said.

Commercial fishermen: finances suffering due to restrictions

Aleutians East Borough Mayor Alvin Osterback is Alaska Native and has lived in the commercial fishing town of Sand Point his whole life.

He was born in 1950 and watched his community grow from a place with no harbor to one transformed by infrastructure money flowing in after the construction of the trans-Alaska pipeline.

“Then the state had more money, they started building harbors, so fleets got better, boats got bigger, we got better gear,” said Osterback.

Osterback says the money from the new fleet and larger fishery helped the community grow from some 300 people to about 1,100 permanent residents today.

“And then when the salmon fleet showed up, it was probably triple that size,” he said. “It was good. People here made good money.”

Osterback said various regulations over the years “interfered with our ability to be assured that we were going to have a profitable season,” leading him to switch from seining to setnetting, a cheaper operation requiring many fewer people and less fuel.

But even setnetting got tricky over the past few years amid tighter restrictions on harvests, he said. “It was just harder to get crews, when you don’t know if you’re going to be fishing or if you’re going to be sitting on the beach,” said Osterback.

Osterback said that the regulations the Board of Fisheries voted to adopt in February were too restrictive to the fleet in his area. Instead, Osterback prefers a system of management the Area M commercial fishermen have been using for the past three years.

After the commercial fishermen caught an unusually high number of chum salmon in their June fishery in 2021 — almost 1.2 million fish — they adopted a voluntary strategy to shut down if they catch too many chum salmon along with the sockeye salmon that they target.

The Area M fleet has taken fewer salmon overall the past several years, dropping from their haul from some 65 million pounds in 2021 to 53 million pounds in 2023. Amid falling prices, that also means they have made less money: harvests in 2021 brought in some $47 million, while the 2023 catch brought in $18 million.

The fight isn’t over

Now, management of Area M will revert back to the voluntary measures of the past few years.

Gillis, the subsistence advocate, described that plan as a “fox guarding the hen house,” with state managers at the Alaska Department of Fish and Game who are in full support of the commercial fleet.

The next Board of Fisheries meeting in which Area M is on the agenda is still two-and-a-half years away.

But both sides say they could force a change to bring Area M into discussion at next winter’s meeting. Gillis said the Bering Sea Fishermen’s Association also is considering suing the state in an effort to revive the Board of Fisheries restrictions.

Osterback, the borough mayor, underscored the importance of commercial fishing to his region —  arguing that shutting the Area M fleet down for more days each year won’t help Western Alaska subsistence users.

“What’s taking place today, I think, is really hurting both sides. It hurts us and our communities. Those people up there are not going to be happy until we are totally shut down, we have no economy and no fishery,” said Osterback. “Then you’ll have two areas with no economy and no fishery, and that’s not going to help anybody.”

Wright, the Yukon River subsistence advocate,said that he and his allies just want commercial fishermen to stand down on certain days to try to see if salmon would begin spawning in their rivers once more.

“​​We’re not trying to take nothing away. We just want to see if that works — see if we could get some more salmon back on the spawning ground, so people can at least eat and try to create a sustainable fishery for us all,” Wright said. “If we work together in unity, then I think it’ll be a better day for everybody.”

Olivia Ebertz is a freelance journalist. Reach her at oliviaebertz@gmail.com.

Disclosure: Northern Journal Publisher Nathaniel Herz was paid $1,000 for work commercial fishing in 2025 by Mike Wood, a Board of Fisheries member. Herz asked an outside editor to do the major editing of this story, and to review any subsequent edits he made for bias.

This article was originally published in Northern Journal, a newsletter from Herz. Subscribe at this link.

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