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#222 – Destiny Kanno, Anand Upadhyay, Maciej Pilarski on How WordPress Education Programs Are Growing

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[00:00:19] Nathan Wrigley: Welcome to the Jukebox Podcast from WP Tavern. My name is Nathan Wrigley.

Jukebox is a podcast which is dedicated to all things WordPress. The people, the events, the plugins, the blocks, the themes, and in this case, how WordPress education programs are growing.

If you’d like to subscribe to the podcast, you can do that by searching for WP Tavern in your podcast player of choice, or by going to wptavern.com/feed/podcast, and you can copy that URL into most podcast players.

If you have a topic that you’d like us to feature on the podcast, I’m keen to hear from you and hopefully get you, or your idea, featured on the show. Head to wptavern.com/contact/jukebox, and use the form there.

So on the podcast today, we are joined by three WordPress Education Initiative leaders, Destiny Kanno, Anand Upadhyay and Maciej Pilarski.

Together, they have spent years at the heart of WordPress training and outreach, working in roles spanning community education management, plugin development, and credit program administration. Their efforts have helped shape student engagement and university partnerships across the globe, introducing thousands of learners to WordPress.

The conversation focused on the current landscape of WordPress education with particular attention to three key initiatives, the WordPress Credits Program, Campus Connect, and Student Clubs.

Each initiative is designed to provide unique entry points for students of all ages and education levels. From high schoolers building their first site in a library to university students earning official credits for open source contributions.

We discussed the different approaches these programmes take. WP Credits ties student work directly to academic credit and mentorship. Campus Connect provides flexible, community driven, events in diverse locations and Student Clubs foster sustainable, peer led, learning within schools and other institutions. We explore how these models feed into each other, building a sustainable ecosystem for ongoing growth in the WordPress community.

We also get into the importance of repeat campus partnerships, the need for scalable facilitator training, and the role of recognition, certificates, badges, and public showcases in keeping students motivated and validated in their journey.

If you’re curious about the growing movement to bring WordPress knowledge to the next generation, or are looking to get involved with education in your local community, this episode is for you.

If you’re interested in finding out more, you can find all of the links in the show notes by heading to wptavern.com/podcast, where you’ll find all the other episodes as well.

And so without further delay, I bring you Destiny Kanno, Anand Upadhyay and Maciej Pilarski.

I am joined on the podcast by Destiny Kanno, by Anand Upadhyay and Maciej Pilarski. Hello, one and all. Nice to have you with us.

[00:03:29] Destiny Kanno: Hello. Thank you.

[00:03:30] Anand Upadhyay: Hello.

[00:03:31] Maciej Pilarski: Hello.

[00:03:32] Nathan Wrigley: So a few months ago, back in, I think it was September 2025, I was joined by two of the three participants on the call today. I was joined by Destiny and I was joined by Anand. We were also joined at that point by Isotta, but she’s not on the call today. We’ve obviously got a wonderful replacement, Maciej who’s going to do a fabulous job explaining the bits and pieces here.

But the intention of that episode, which you can find on the WP Tavern website, it’s episode number 183, was to find out about all of the overlapping education initiatives in the WordPress space. And it was born, I think, largely out of a sense of curiosity on my part, but also a somewhat sense of confusion, because there were lots of things which were going on. Some of them seemed to be slightly overlapping. There was a conflict of names in some cases. So that episode was laying out the groundworks of what has been happening in the WordPress space.

When that conversation finished and we’d click the stop record button, I said, that was absolutely fascinating. This seems to be moving at such a rate, wouldn’t it be good to revisit this whole subject in about six months time?

Well, we missed that target, but here we are, maybe eight months later. I think my intuition at that point was correct, because being a close observer of what’s going on in the WordPress community, I think it’s fair to say that the educational space has been somewhat turbocharged during the last eight months.

And so today’s episode, with the help of the three people I’ve just mentioned, is to describe what’s going on, what’s changed, maybe some things that have been mothballed, but certainly a lot of things that are new and interesting and have gained a lot of momentum.

But I think, dear listener, the intention of this episode is to get you involved. Is to get to the end of this episode and for your curiosity to have been turned into action. To have gotten you out of your chair, written an email, turned up to an event, helped organise a thing.

So please have that in the back of your mind. If you’re sitting listening to this in a car, at your desktop, there is actual action that could be taken at the end of this. I think the intention of all four of us on this panel would be dearly for that to happen.

Okay, let’s establish the credentials of the people that we’re going to be talking to today. So we’ll just do a little potted bio of you one at a time. So we’ll begin with Destiny, if you could just tell us a little bit about you, your relationship with education in the WordPress space, I suppose would be apropos.

[00:06:01] Destiny Kanno: Yeah, absolutely. So again, Destiny Kanno. I’m currently working as an education program manager sponsored by Automattic. And I work directly with the Make WordPress Community Team. And I also work adjacently with the training team as well, because education training materials, they go pretty hand in hand. And I’ve been doing this now for about four years and, yeah, it’s just evolved since my original time working on Learn WordPress, and that relaunch that happened, to now, yeah, these wonderful programs that are spreading like wildfire as you said.

[00:06:37] Nathan Wrigley: Fantastic. Thank you so much. Okay, we’ll move over to Anand for the same sort of introductory moment.

[00:06:43] Anand Upadhyay: Yes. So my name is Anand Upadhyay, and I run the WordPress plugin development company, WPVibes. Apart from that, I’m very much involved in the WordPress community and I contribute in multiple ways. It can be documentation, it can be Core, Polyglots. But I’m also keenly involved in the community part, and specifically I can say with the education initiatives, I started with WP Campus Connect in WordPress Campus Connect in 2024. And since then, after that we started joining hands with Destiny and we started evolving this program in a much bigger shape. So that’s it.

[00:07:16] Nathan Wrigley: Okay. Thank you so much. And last, but by no means least, Maciej.

[00:07:20] Maciej Pilarski: Yeah. Thanks for having me. My name is Maciej Pilarski. So I’ve been doing anything related to WordPress pretty much since 2007, so that’s been a while. But the biggest breakthrough for me was 2014 when I actually volunteered to WordCamp Europe in Sovia, Bulgaria. That opened my eyes to the whole community, everything that is happening around WordPress.

And since then, pretty much I’ve been working for multiple companies from the WordPress ecosystem. I joined Automattic in 2016. For many years I’ve been a Happiness Engineer, and since October last year, I’ve joined Isotta as one of the admins of the WordPress Credit program. And since that time, I will have been helping her out to grow that initiative.

And Destiny mentioned, it spreads like fire because at that time we had six universities onboarded, now we are at 21. The 21st, we got it after WordCamp Asia actually through a connection made there. And it’s our first institution from Africa, from Uganda. A huge shout out to Stephen Dumba, who I connected with during the event. And after that, pretty much a week after we signed our first partnership from Africa. So we’re actively growing and getting new institutions on board.

[00:08:42] Nathan Wrigley: Thank you so much. Gosh, there was an awful lot in there, wasn’t there? That was really interesting. We’ll try and unpack quite a lot of that.

Firstly, a sort of slightly personal message from me. I don’t usually reveal much about myself on this podcast. I take the position that I’m a, kind of like an interested party, but don’t really give much of my own thoughts. However, this is different because I cannot think of a more interesting, meaningful, moral, let’s go with that word as well, use of time than educating people. It simply is the most profoundly useful thing to do with your life.

Now, obviously people will have different opinions about that, but the juxtaposition of free open source software, in this case WordPress, and education is a real sweet spot for me. I just think that is such an amazing thing to be involved in, to have going on in the background.

If you think about it, an open source project, like how many open source projects have this level of stuff going on in the education space, this real international footprint. Things going on which we’ll find out about in a minute. It’s really fascinating.

And I am sure that the listenership to this podcast, the vast majority of people listening will never have encountered much of this before. Maybe they’ve seen stuff on Learn because they want to technically learn about WordPress in an online capacity, but we’re going to be delving into real world events affecting real adults, real youngsters.

And so anyway, that’s my little bit at the beginning, just how curious it is that the project is so big that we’ve got this international footprint of education. And so I suppose what we should do right at the beginning is lay out the different initiatives and just name them, and try to figure out how they differ from each other. Just so that we’ve got some kind of awareness.

So I don’t know which one of you wants to take that, but if maybe you take one each or something, I don’t know. If we just want to lay out the, just erect that tent basically so that we know what the initiatives are called, and how they differ from one another. So I’ll open that up. Whoever wants to step in.

[00:10:48] Maciej Pilarski: I can start with the Credits Program. So the Credits Program is based, it’s a contribution based program, internship, initiative by the WordPress Foundation that connects higher education students with the global open source community. So basically it’s an opportunity for the students as part of the educational curriculum to contribute to the WordPress community.

There are two types of courses that the students can do. One of them is 50 hours, the second one is 150 hours. Usually the students do that during a full academic semester. And as part of that, students are first onboarded into the WordPress ecosystem and the wider open source ecosystem where they learn not only about WordPress, but open source as a whole, and how crucial it is for the internet.

Then the second phase is picking the contribution area to which they would like to contribute. All the contributions areas basically are the ones that are listed at make.wordpress.org. So any team that is listed there, students can pick from that area. During that phase, they work on a particular area that they have selected.

And finally, during phase three, they wrap up the whole achievements, the contribution, what they did, they publish a final post. And what is also very important as part of the credit scores, students have also assigned a mentor from the WordPress community that guides them through the whole process. We don’t leave them alone. We connect them with actual mentors from the WordPress community that are vetted by us, that guide them through the whole journey into the contribution and the whole WordPress ecosystem.

So it works on multiple levels. For me, this connection is also special because it builds this bridge between the previous generation of WordPress contributors to the new one where they are introduced and can start working on any fields of contribution.

What is also important is that this is not limited to technical universities. Pretty much any type of university can participate in the program. The first university that we started with was University of Pisa, and it was the humanity studies. So the students from humanity field were the first group who started the Credits Program. There’s room for pretty much anyone from any field.

[00:13:18] Nathan Wrigley: Okay. There’s a lot there. Wow. I’ve just been taking notes and I’ve almost filled an entire A4 page. So WP Credits, the WordPress Credits Program, I guess the name sort of gives it away. The idea here is that you trade time for university or higher education credit. So credit being, I suppose if you were to atomise your three year degree, you might do, I don’t know, 12 modules or something like that. The idea is that one of those modules, perhaps it’s more, becomes something in the WordPress, but also curiously the free open source software space as well. I didn’t actually know that.

The idea is that you link up with real world institutions. So the first one was Pisa, and maybe we can get into which other ones have come along. And in exchange for 50 hours or 150 hours, you will be given that credit, which can then go to the overall awarding of a degree or whatever it is that you are hoping to get.

You’re then linked up with team members, WordPress community team members who will mentor you and shepherd you through this process. And the idea is that it culminates, I think you said in a final post, which I suppose in a sense is a bit like a dissertation or something like that, you sum up all the different bits and pieces. Yeah.

[00:14:29] Maciej Pilarski: Once that happens, the students also receives an official certificate from the WordPress Foundation, signed by Matt himself, that certifies that they completed the course. And what is also important to know, the whole progress through the course and what they did during the course, it’s also stored on the wordpress.org profile. So any contributions that they did, for example, photos that they’ve uploaded, this all will be visible on the wordpress.org profile. And they also receive a special badge dedicated to students who graduated from that program.

So it really gets them started into the WordPress ecosystem, and at the same time creates something like a small portfolio for any future company that would like to, for example, hire them. Because they have a proven history of contributing to the ecosystem.

[00:15:20] Nathan Wrigley: Okay, so that’s an interesting quid pro quo, isn’t it? So the idea is you do all this work, which on the face of it, I suppose looks very philanthropic, you know, you’re giving up your time, but you get a real thing at the back end of it. You get a certificate. You can then presumably apply for jobs and indicate, okay, I’ve done this, I’ve contributed in this meaningful way.

What I think is really interesting there, and it kind of gets lost, I’ve worked in education in the past and I know the red tape that’s involved in doing anything in the education space. There is so much red tape. And I can only imagine what’s happened in the background to enable these kind of things. You know, the back and forth, the tennis of emails that go on and on and the proof that’s required to categorically show that this thing that we are doing is worth something. You know, it’s not just this Mickey Mouse. We use that expression, Mickey Mouse kind of qualification that really, it doesn’t actually require any hard work. It’s just there, nothing really in it, but you get an accreditation anyway.

I can only imagine the hard work that has gone in every single time you touch a new institution, trying to convince them that this is legitimate, that this is real. You’ve just kind of glossed over all of that by just describing what is in existence, not necessarily what has gone on to make it happen. I know that there’s probably more than the three of you involved in this, but my profound thanks for all of that hard work, which presumably is utterly and completely invisible. And I can only imagine what’s going on there. So yeah, thank you for all of that.

[00:16:54] Maciej Pilarski: Thank you for that.

[00:16:54] Nathan Wrigley: So that was WP Credits. So that was one wing of the things that we’re going to discuss today. Should we move on to another one and maybe somebody else wants to take the helm?

[00:17:03] Anand Upadhyay: I think Destiny can take Campus Connect and then I will take Student Clubs.

[00:17:06] Nathan Wrigley: Okay. Destiny, let’s move over to you and see what you can tell us about something different.

[00:17:11] Destiny Kanno: Yeah, so I’d love to tell you more about WordPress Campus Connect. And the way we ended with WordPress Credits, I think is also very critical to the story of Campus Connect because, you know, it started with Campus Connect first, and that’s how organisers such as Anand and Pooja like were able to get those connections with the universities through being boots on the ground, you know, having those relationships. Proving through action that these activities that we’re doing with the students are having real impact and are showing real results.

Slowly building up these kind of case studies in a way has helped open a lot of doors, especially with Campus Connect now, we’ve done a lot of events, especially since we last talked. Like I think this year alone, we’ve already had 22 Campus Connect events. So, like it’s not even half the year and it’s quickly becoming one of the biggest run events, WordPress official series.

But these events are like a way of opening the door, right? Hey, here’s a free learning opportunity for your students. And as you said, like the red tape is there. A lot of institutions are like, wait, so what’s in it for you? Why is, there’s a little bit of dubiousness sometimes in the reaction, right? You’re going to give your time to educate our students, why? But once they see, it’s like, no, we really are just passionate about spreading WordPress, showing students what’s capable with their website, how it applies to different skillsets as well. Like it’s not just for coders, it is for marketers, it is for designers.

You know, there’s so many career opportunities that once we just get the foot in the door and we’re able to showcase that, a lot of institutions are like, okay, now I get it. I do want to highlight in Anand’s case, like they’re going to have their third WordPress Campus Connect in Ajmer this year. You’ve got repeat institutions. I’ve heard you also have institutions that are like, when are you going to come to our place and teach WordPress? You know, once the fire is lit and people see how bright and shiny it is, like people want to get involved.

But as you said, like getting it to click for people, that is like the most difficult part. And I’ll give an example of, right now in Japan, we had our first WordPress Campus Connect event on the 9th of May. So I’m like, woo hoo. Like it finally happened. But we have this community in Japan that is like very passionate, very active. So when I first was like introducing the concept of Campus Connect, people were like, okay, but like how do we do this? What’s it about? It takes like a lot of presentations, a lot of going to people in person and talking. Helping them even shape the conversation that they’re going to have with the institution to sell this amazing gift of WordPress on their campus.

And after this one on the ninth, like now we have a case study in Japan that others can now use to be a starting point for those conversations going forward. So I think, once you have that one step, the gate just slowly opens until it’s just, the doors bang open in each way. But yeah, we’ve seen really great success with Campus Connect and it’s just like honestly, it just keeps growing.

[00:20:30] Nathan Wrigley: Can I just ask a quick question? So I just want to draw a very clear line for everybody that’s listening to this, what the difference may be between Campus Connect and WP Credits. Because from the description that we’ve had so far, it may be that you’ve fallen into the trap of thinking, well, they sound like they might be the same thing. So could you just, Destiny, just tease out where Campus Connect differs? Maybe in the nature of the event, the timing of the event, the availability, the age group, those kind of things that separate WP Credits from the Campus Connect initiative.

[00:21:02] Destiny Kanno: Yeah. Thank you, that’s like a really great distinction to make. So whereas WordPress Credits is geared toward higher education, Campus Connect is geared toward, honestly any level of students as long as they’re able to browse the web safely, and enjoy and participate.

So that means, Elementary school students now are pretty good at devices. High school students, college students, vocational students. We honestly kept the door pretty open in terms of what a campus means. We’ve even had a Campus Connect event in Uganda in a library, the Lira Public Library because students were able to go there right?

We were trying to make it as barrier free for students wherever their campus is. And so that’s, I think, the main difference. It’s more wide ranging in terms of who can participate as a student. And then also the fact that it could be a one-off event, so a one day event. A lot nowadays are multiple day events, they’ll maybe go two times out of a month, or a couple days consecutively. And then after that it’s up to really the organisers in the institution whether or not we have another addition on their campus the same year, or the next year.

[00:22:15] Nathan Wrigley: I’m going to tease out a few things. I just want to point out to, me as an English person, that is to say, not an English speaker, but somebody from England, campus has a really defined definition, and it’s usually bound to a university. Whereas it sounds like the description here, campus literally means the place where education happens, not it’s 18 years old and older, you know, people doing degrees, bachelors and PhDs and that kind of thing. Basically, if there’s an institution somewhere, that’s what the campus is in this case. Okay.

So the WP Credits program sounds like you forge your relationship with the university, and correct me if I’m wrong, it sounds like it takes place inside that institution, and it’s part of that program and what have you.

The Campus Connect initiative is much more ad hoc. It could be a one-off, it could be monthly, it could be inside a library, it could be inside the school, it could be an inside an institution. It feels a bit more like, I don’t know, a WordPress Meetup, but geared towards a younger audience or something like that.

And the minimum age requirement is really driven by your capacity to type on a keyboard and hold a mouse and those kind of things. And that’s kind of curious to me because I think my educational experience was always younger children. It’s really interesting how patterns are laid down at a very, very early age. Patterns that go on into much later life get laid down, typically at incredibly young ages. So this is fascinating for digging into that.

And it’s not just about, say, the code, it sounds like code is on the menu, but it could be about marketing, it could be about design. Basically the gamut of anything online, CMSy, those kind of things. Okay, is there anything you want to add? Did I misunderstand anything there, or misstate anything there?

[00:24:02] Destiny Kanno: No, I think you’re completely right. We’re trying to convey that WordPress isn’t just a blogging software that I think is still a lot of people have a mentality of. Like there are many ways to utilise it that goes beyond that.

And one thing I did want to add are a couple numbers. So since WordPress Campus Connect became official in May of 2025, an official WordPress event series, I should say, we’ve had 42 completed events, with 71 participating institutions, and over 5,500 students have been reached.

[00:24:37] Nathan Wrigley: That’s something else. 42 events, 71 institutions, and I think you said five and a half thousand individuals. Good grief. I don’t know what the measure of success is for this, but that feels like success to me.

I mean, imagine turning up to a WordCamp, like a flagship WordCamp and five and a half thousand people descending on you. You’d feel slightly overwhelmed. That’s a lot, isn’t it? Gosh, that’s pretty remarkable. Wow. Congratulations.

[00:25:05] Destiny Kanno: And the majority, the outcome, the students make a website. So we could almost count those students as also new WordPress websites that are live now on the web. So within a year, organisers around the world have been able to make that happen.

[00:25:19] Nathan Wrigley: Could I just perhaps draw another distinction as well, just very quickly, because it sounds like the WordPress Credit system, because it’s binding itself to institutions, it sounds like there might be more paperwork going on there, and maybe more high level meetings that need to take place. Whereas Campus Connect feels much more community driven. It’s the kind of thing that, quite literally, anybody listening to this podcast with a fair wind could have one of those going in a handful of months. If they’ve got the right initiative and they can find the audience for that.

Again, is that about right? There’s sort of more opportunity to become involved with the Campus Connect initiatives. You don’t need to have that academic background or have a point of contact at a university. You basically just need a building, some interest and a bunch of students.

[00:26:02] Destiny Kanno: Yeah, the key thing is, you know, having a real connection to the campus that you’re going to present at. But you’re exactly right. We tried really hard to lower the barrier to organise these events. Because I don’t know if you’ve organised a WordPress event before, there’s kind of a lot of hoops you have to jump through. And we’re like, okay, how can we think about this in a different way?

And I think that also has positive repercussions for how we organise other events too, that are, changes are being thought about too so that we can enable people and empower them to put these events, instead of bogging them down and process and a little bit of bureaucracy to say.

[00:26:38] Nathan Wrigley: So what’s really curious about that as well is we’re all in different parts of the world, aren’t we? People on the call today are in Japan and I’m in Europe and, Anand, are you in India? I think.

[00:26:47] Anand Upadhyay: Yeah.

[00:26:47] Nathan Wrigley: Yeah. Each of those events, I guess would look quite different. The kind of nature of the attendees, the nature of the kind of building it might be in, the institution. And it really is, you just grab what’s around you I suppose, and work with that. If you’ve got a connection to an institution, you can go for it. Maciej, I feel like I crosstalked you. I think you wanted to say quite a few times and I’ve just interrupted. I’m very sorry.

[00:27:08] Maciej Pilarski: No worries about that. So I wanted to add that those initiatives set backgrounds for each other. Because in some uni institutions, the interest sparks with a Campus Connect event, and that gets the institution interested in those initiatives, which sets background for WordCamp Credit.

And it happens also the other way around, where we start with an institution that starts credits and then we get the students interested in WordPress in general, the community, which leads to a Campus Connect event during the Credits Program. What is important is that those initiatives don’t compete with each other. They support each other.

[00:27:51] Nathan Wrigley: Right, so there’s a lovely virtuous cycle there, isn’t there? Where the two things can be going on in harmony, one promoting the other and they’re definitely not in competition. Okay. That’s really interesting.

One final question on Campus Connect, and I’ll direct this at Destiny, just because she’s been handling that. With the WP Credits thing, there is this moment where you hold the certificate in your hand and you go, yay, did it.

Is the same thing true of Campus Connect or is it more of a show up to the one event, you know that you did that, that was great, you can file that away in your own head as a thing? Or is there some sort of accreditation, or certificate giving, or badge giving, or profile updating that might go on on wordpress.org? Is there any sort of thing that the attendees receive, and I suppose that the people that are organising might receive as well?

[00:28:37] Destiny Kanno: Yes. So we do have a certificate of participation that students can receive signed by WordPress Foundation Executive Director, Mary Hubbard. And that just needs to be requested by the organisers ahead of time, because we need to get the signature and all that. So yes, they can come away with that. And we’ve heard really positive things about that, like it motivates them. They’re like, yeah, I did something, which they did.

[00:29:01] Nathan Wrigley: There we go. That was WP Credits and WP Campus Connect.

Can I just say at this point, dear listener, if at this point you’re thinking hang on a minute, there’s a lot going on here, don’t worry, there’ll be show notes. If you go to the WP Tavern website, there’ll be show notes. I’ll try to list out as many sensible links to get you to the root of each one of these initiatives, so that you can begin your journey and fan out from there.

I’m not sure what episode number this will be, but if you just go and search for, oh, I don’t know, Destiny or Anand or Maciej, you could probably find the episode that way. And all the show notes will contain all of the links.

Right, in which case, I think it might be Anand’s turn. What have you decided to take on Anand?

[00:29:39] Anand Upadhyay: So I will be sharing my thoughts on the third part of this whole education initiative ecosystem. So that is a Student Club. Just a few minutes before you were giving the analogue of meetup with this Campus Connect. So I would like to share the same analogue with us because we are more accustomed with like other terms of WordCamps and Meetups and contributer days.

WordPress Campus Connect is kind of like a WordCamp happening in the campus, because it’s like a big day event that holds everything happening, different kind of sessions, maybe workshops happening. So I would compare it with that thing.

And same way, credits thing, Credit Program is kind of like ongoing contribution series because more focused on the contribution part because the student devote 150 hours of their program. A lot of period goes to the contribution.

And now the same way we, if we talk about the Student club, it’s similar to like the Meetups that we have. But these are the in campus meetups for the students and by the students. How do things get started? Like the Campus Connect introduce the WordPress to those campuses and to those students, but since most of the campus, it’s a once in a year event. So once this event has sparked something about the WordPress in the students. So keeping that momentum going on, that’s where the Student Clubs come in.

So with the Student Club, it’s kind of like, as I mentioned, it’s like an in campus meet program. So a student can gather themselves, they can form a club and a couple of students can be nominated as club organisers, student club organiser from their campus. And then they organise the in-campus events, maybe like once in a month or twice a month, depending on academic calendar. There are a lot of hurdles in doing those things continuously.

But they usually do once or twice a month. They do a kind of a meetup in their campus. The students gathered together. They learn from variable resources available from WordPress. And from those resources, they share with the other students. It’s kind of a group learning, group study, that we use. Education live, we always do that. It’s kind of a group study. They’re learning from themselves. If someone has learned something, they are helping others to learn those things.

So I would just like to give some of the examples from my city. There are multiple Student Clubs are going on. When we went to the campus, we just taught like a small group of students about the WordPress, because we’d have some limitations of the resources, of the setting arrangement. We cannot call all the students of the campus and, okay, come together and I have a amazing workshop. So we have given the WordPress walk through to the limited number of students.

After that, they form a Student Club in their campus because they got very much interested. Then the first session they did was like, they started teaching to their juniors, like the students who have just entered the campus. They took a session for them. So they told, whatever we have told them, they have taught the same thing to the juniors.

After that, in the next few session, they experimented different things. Like in some session they’re just doing a fun quiz around WordPress. And in some sessions they are doing a kind of like a, I would say like a hackathon kind of thing. So they are just picking up a website. Or you can, just similar to the speed build challenge that Jamie do. So they have just one website open on the screen and everybody’s like cloning that website.

So there are different ways students are engaging through those student clubs. So it is helping to keep the momentum going on so that the student keep learning about WordPress and they are also connecting with the community members for the guidance about how they can learn more. What should they learn next if they are sharing their experience. Like we have covered these things and, what should we go next?

And in the recent WordCamp Asia, they’re also one of the Student Club lead from my city. She joined the event and there are conversation with the, like other community members who has offered them like, okay, we can come to your campus, or we can do, have a webinar for your campus where we can teach you particular subjects, particular topics. Maybe they can talk about SEO, maybe they can talk about plugin development.

So this is also opening the horizon for them, to learn from people across the world. So that is how the Student Clubs are happening. The examples I’ve gave, again, from my own city because I’m closely mentoring them, but there’s similar things are happening across the world.

So it is helping to create a kind of sustainable environment for the long-term sustainable environment in the campus. So the next time when we go to that campus, we are not going to teach like the basics of WordPress, because we want like, the ecosystem should be built within the campus, so every student know about the WordPress. Because last time when we went to the campus, we have to tell everything about WordPress because why you should learn WordPress.

So the Student Clubs, my ambition is that, wherever the Student Club is from, next time a Campus Connect event is happening, next time we should not tell them about what is WordPress and why they should learn this thing. There should be already a sustainable ecosystem.

And I feel that all these three programs are like very much interconnected. And the real impact of these programs, we will be able to see in the next two or three years. And there will be a regular ongoing activities around WordPress in the campus.

And these are also kind of a balance program as well. Like the Campus Connect is introducing WordPress to the students, Credits Program is motivating them more towards like the contribution part. And I would say that Student Clubs is more inclined towards getting new users to the WordPress. Because if we keep on focusing on the contribution, contribution, but if we discard the like increasing the number of new users, so we are not going to win. We need a balanced state.

The Student Club is trying to, learning how to build website, how to mastering the skills of the WordPress. And later on, many of them are going to join the contribution part as well.

So this whole ecosystem is built around bringing more people to the contribution, bringing more people to use WordPress, build websites, as in, for the individuals as a business as well. So that’s how all these three programrs are very much interconnected, and growing together fast.

[00:35:16] Nathan Wrigley: It feels like, of the three things that we’ve talked about, so WP Credits, Campus Connect, the Student Club, this final one that you’ve just covered, it feels like that’s got a very flat hierarchy to it. In other words, there’s like this peer learning. So it feels like more or less anybody can show up and demonstrate anything, which might then lead to somebody else thinking, okay, that was interesting, I’ll take on next month’s one because I’ve now seen that’s doable. Less hierarchy, if you know what I mean? So a much more flat structure.

[00:35:45] Anand Upadhyay: Because when we started Campus Connect, we also get a lot of attraction in the local community as well. And people join our Meetup groups. But then it becomes difficult for us, how to plan about the topics for our meetup. We have some experienced professionals coming in. We have some students coming in, and we plan the topics that suits the professionals. The student will feel like, okay, what’s they’re talking, we are not getting anything in our mind. If we bring the topics, very basic topics and the professionals who are joining the community meetups, they’ll feel like, okay, these are very basic stuff, why am I coming here?

Student Clubs giving them their own platform, giving them a own opportunity. Okay, these are all the familiar faces. It is also giving the opportunity to come on the stage, come onto the stage and get out of your fear as well. It is also generating leadership qualities in them. Okay, we have to keep this momentum going on and we have to keep the activities going on. So there are a lot of ways, apart from learning WordPress, there are a lot of other ways it is helping the students as well.

[00:36:40] Nathan Wrigley: When you have to stand up in front of a bunch of people and deliver something, obviously there’s a whole bunch of us that are just really confident at doing that, quite happy to stand up and do that kind of thing off the bat. But equally, there’s people for whom that is just the most terrifying experience possible. You know, standing up in front of two or three people, oh boy, you know, anything above that is just off the books.

And I was just wondering about that, whether or not there’s, in this particular style of event, the Student Club, whether there is a growing corpus of, I don’t know, previously done topics or topic suggestions or slide decks or anything like that, which might enable people to feel that level of confidence? I don’t know if that’s something which is being put together. Just resources which enable somebody who doesn’t have the confidence, let’s go with that word, who then may gain that confidence. And I’m going to pass this to Destiny because she’s waving her hand.

[00:37:30] Destiny Kanno: I was really hoping I could shamelessly plug this project. This is like, you’ve said the most opportune thing. So I’m actually developing right now what I’m like tentatively calling the Meetup Activity Library. It comes with like kits on certain topics. So for example, WordPress Playground was the first one I built. But it comes with the facilitation guide, which is a doc. So the facilitator can read through, understand the steps they’re going to go through in the activity, how to pace it. And then a presentation deck which they would display, if that’s available to them, to the folks that they’re presenting to. And it’s a hands-on activity only. So it’s not only presentation. The facilitator of course guides and talks them through things, but then people are getting hands-on experience with that topic along the way.

[00:38:16] Nathan Wrigley: That is a beautiful remover of barriers, because I think just having that little document, that little crutch, you don’t have to feel that you, okay, I’ve got to come up with a topic. Not only have I got to come up with a topic, but then I’ve got to research the topic, deliver the topic. If you can have it all on a thing that you can crib from, I don’t know, it just arms you with that confidence as you walk in. I think that’s such a brilliant topic. And, Maciej.

[00:38:40] Maciej Pilarski: Both Destiny and Anand mentioned two keywords, sustainability and facilitator. The goal of also getting all those educational initiatives going is also create in a sustainable way. We’re not pushing for numbers, but growing them in a smart way where we don’t get too many students so we get overwhelmed. We need to have enough mentors to accommodate those students, and also enough facilitators to be able to scale the program, to grow it in the future.

And it’s exactly what Destiny is now doing, the Facilitator Training Program, which gets more people from the educational sectors, community organisers, everyone on board, to jump on those educational initiatives and help us to grow. Because the number of every, all those students involved in participating in those programs is increasing and we need to be able to accommodate them. And through the Facilitator Training Program, this allows us to do that.

[00:39:42] Nathan Wrigley: It’s so interesting in open source software spaces as opposed to corporate spaces. I suppose the metric of success for anything like this in the corporate universe would be how many people showed up and gave us money in exchange for this knowledge or, you know, something akin to that. Basically a metric of humans in a room and money gained. And of course, the measurement of this is so not that.

I did wonder, Destiny obviously very proudly rattled off the statistics for Campus Connect, you know, the five and a half thousand attendees and all of that. I wondered if there were success criteria of some kind in the background, which guide you. You know, it’s not like, okay, well we didn’t meet that we’re going to abandon it all. But more, things like you would like to see happen, so aspirational goals. It sounds from what Maciej was saying that maybe the attendance growing slowly over time is some kind of measure of success. Maybe there is none of that, but I’ll just open that one up to see if you want to take that.

[00:40:38] Destiny Kanno: I think one definite measure of success is repeat events on certain campuses. So if the campus is saying, we love that, please come back, or please come again soon. I think that is a really great indicator that, not only did the students get something great out of it, but the school believes in it. And that’s what we want to do. We want to create these systems that, not only bring people into WordPress, but also continue this cycle of, you know, growth within the community, but also ownership by the institution.

Another measurement of success is the institution is like, okay, great, how do we learn how to do that ourselves? So we have some folks now working in the institution that are organising WordPress Campus Connect events that are helping facilitate these Student Clubs. So the faculty and educators themselves, they’re directly getting involved. And that for us as community members too, whose volunteer time is quite limited, as Maciej was saying, like it is a great multiplier that makes everything much more sustainable.

[00:41:45] Maciej Pilarski: So from the WordPress Credits perspective, we don’t hope all the students to turn into contributors. That would be amazing but that might not happen. I can share with you some numbers. So currently we have 450 students globally enrolled. For the whole program so far, 75 graduates.

We hope that some or as many as possible of those graduates who completed the program will stay and become active contributors to the WordPress community, stay engaged.

That’s one of the goals we are aiming for the Credits Program, to not just get this done, but this is building the next generation of contributors. We know that like we are ageing, we’re getting older every year. We are not getting younger, unfortunately. Getting those students staying in the community allows us to build those next generations of WordPress contributors that will also have completely different perspectives to how the community functions, how it was built.

What brought us here might not move us forward. So these new students will bring us this new, fresh perspective of how they would like the community to function and move it to the future, to be current, to stay up to date with what’s happening globally.

[00:43:00] Anand Upadhyay: That’s why it’s very difficult to like measure the impact in numbers because how it is impacting in the longer term. But yeah, it’s going to impact. And I would say also, like Destiny mentioned, one of the metrics is like this campus is willing to have the Campus Connect again and again in the campus.

So I just want to share one more. Like I just recently got a call from one of the faculty coordinators from one of the campus where we have a Student Club. And now they have like two months of vacations. And he called me like, okay, now the vacations are going on, students will not be here, so what can we do for the students to keep their involvement with the WordPress in those two months? So can we do something online? Can we do something like this?

When we get these calls, these kind of communications, that these are interactions that we have, this gives us a sense of like accomplishment. Okay, yeah, we were able to create some kind of interest in the students. Because we cannot expect that if we are going to like any campus and 100 or 200 students are participating in our Campus Connect, they are all going to jump into the WordPress. They are getting a lot of different kind of opportunities as well.

There are other technologies as well, which are, some students are going into that, some students are going into that. But we are showcasing the WordPress as one of the career opportunities. And they have a choice of multiple options, so they will choose what they do. But yeah, the impact will be seen in the next few years. Just like Maciej said, mentioned that he went to the WordCamp as a volunteer and it’s bring him into the community.

And the same is with me. I attended the WordCamp and just after coming out of the WordCamp, I started the Meetup group in my city. So I got inspired from that. So that is a result of that WordCamp. And that cannot be measured in the numbers. That can only be sensed when we are doing this kind of conversation. Okay, that WordCamp helped me, that WordCamp helped me.

The same way in future, these students who will join the community or the WordPress industry, they will be talking about, okay, I got first introduced about WordPress through a WordPress Campus Connect event or I got introduced to the contribution through WP Credits Program. So when these conversation will be happening in the future, then we will say that those are the real metrics that we are looking for.

[00:45:00] Nathan Wrigley: That’s really interesting, and I like that. It sounds like there’s not so much a focus on statistics, you know, literal, brutal numbers, more kind of playing it forwards and measuring the impact over many years, not, you know, a handful of months into the future.

[00:45:15] Destiny Kanno: So yes, we’re not like, okay, here’s our KPIs, you know, and here’s our hard metrics. But one thing I really noticed that our community is, it could be better at doing, is just talking about what happened. Because then you hear all these success stories and there are numbers in that. So like for example, Ajmer again, Women’s Day event this year. 50% of tickets sold were to students. And that’s directly because of the involvement in going to these campuses and teaching WordPress. And I’m like, that’s amazing, that’s direct injection of 50% youth into the WordPress community.

[00:45:52] Anand Upadhyay: And they sold out so fast.

[00:45:53] Destiny Kanno: And they sold out really fast, yeah.

[00:45:55] Anand Upadhyay: The organisers were hoping like, now we have to pitch out to sale our tickets. And they have planned a social media campaign around that. Okay, we will be periodically pitch a student on the social media to encourage the ticket purchase. And within one day, we sold out. And the whole social media campaign was like their whole planning was gone. We don’t have tickets.

[00:46:14] Nathan Wrigley: It’s really interesting that there’s all this success going on, and yet, as Destiny said, it is hard to get that discovered. Maybe it’s a case of shouting louder about the previous success. Maybe things like this podcast will help in some small way for things like that.

But I know what you mean. There’s a lot of people talking about the code, and there’s a lot of people talking about the plugins and the themes and whether or not we’re going to get collaborative editing in version 7 or 7.1. All of that seems to suck up all of the oxygen in the room. And yet, without a throughput of, let’s go for young adults, coming into the WordPress space, there’s not really a great deal of hope for a project over decades unless we get people of a much younger age beginning now. And I’ll just hand the torch to Maciej because I think he’s got something to add.

[00:47:05] Maciej Pilarski: But this is also changing because at WordCamp Asia, we were able to introduce the educational table during the contributor day. And I’m also organiser of WordCamp Europe that’s going to happen really soon in two, three weeks, beginning of June. And during WordCamp Europe, we will also have a contributor table, dedicated to education, but for the first time also educational track.

During the second day, we will start the whole day with topics related to education. We will have a discussion panel rethinking learning in WordPress that Mary will be participating. And later in that afternoon, we will have actual students, who take part in the program. Sharing the experience, presenting the results. Not only students from universities, but I’m also leading a group of high school students who’ve been working for the whole past semester with a teacher on some projects related to WordPress building websites. So they are super eager and excited to show them.

We will also showcase some students, teachers stories, how both of those sites motivated each other, learn from each other, and basically help us keep growing the community.

So WordCamp Europe definitely will feature some of those things. And we’re slowly introducing more and more those things into those flagship events and into the broader community.

[00:48:28] Nathan Wrigley: Really nice. Yeah, that’s really nice to hear. I think it’s a difficult circle to square, the idea of making this stuff visible so that everybody’s aware of it. Even if they’re only interested in running their agency, or writing code or whatever it is. Maybe to realise that this is some version of the underpinnings of the WordPress community without which the software ultimately doesn’t exist.

And it is quite curious. I don’t know if I’m reading between the lines here, I think I’m not, but I get the impression that, I’m going to use the phrase like, I don’t know, from higher up, let’s put it that way. It feels like education is taking a more central place. It feels like for example, Mary Hubbard, it feels like you’ve got a real advocate there. Again, I could be reading between the lines, but it feels like the words coming out of her mouth, I hear the word education coming out of her mouth quite a lot when she’s on stage.

So it feels like you’ve got some big hitters, let’s go with that. I don’t know if you’ve got anything you want to add to that, but it feels like the importance of this is more profound this year than it was a few years ago.

[00:49:33] Maciej Pilarski: You are correct. Mary is a big supporter of that and she also created this space for us to grow those initiatives that like allows us to grow that. Isotta started the first Credits Program at the Pisa University as an experiment. And from there it was proven that this actually works. It gets us universities and new contributors.

And then on the other side, there was those Campus Connect events that also organically grew up on their own. So basically there was a need. It feels like there was this hive mind somehow that worked also for all of us. All of us felt this need to introduce those things. It looks like we’ve reached a certain growth level for the community that we organically felt that that’s the direction that we should start heading.

[00:50:24] Nathan Wrigley: Yeah. What’s interesting there as well is that it very much overlaps with maybe a concern. So we’ve touched on this at various points without saying it out loud quite. If you go to, and I’m going to exclude WordCamp Asia 2026 from what I’m about to say, because that event was very different. If you go to a typical WordCamp, the age skews, and I’m doing air quotes, older. You don’t typically look around and see a bunch of teenagers.

So that’s a concern. There’s this, like a pyramid, like a reverse pyramid, and if we don’t get the younger people coming up, the edifice of this entire project kind of becomes a lot more shaky. And we’ve lived through 22 plus years of WordPress, and I think quite a lot of those people began, a lot of the people who’ve been involved in the community began their careers using WordPress and they’ve kind of moved through WordPress as it’s evolved over those 22 years.

And not to, I don’t know quite how to say this. At some point they’re going to stop contributing. Their age will become something, you know, they want to retire or they want to move on or do some other things. Unless we build the scaffolding and put things in place so that young people feel they’ve got a place here, feel that, I don’t know, some proprietary system is not the way they want to go, they want to support the ethic of open source.

Unless these building blocks, these educational building blocks are put in place, then that’s going to be a bit of a concern. So to your point, Maciej, it organically grew. And what a nice thing that it did kind of organically grow because it’s sorely needed at the same time. There isn’t really a question in there. But anyway, there’s my observation. Anand, did you have something to say? I think you did.

[00:52:04] Anand Upadhyay: Yeah. So just want to add that thing you have raised recently. So the way that we want to teach the students about the open source as well, because if you go to the WP Credit curriculum, so the initial lessons, they learn through the, given to them to learn from the learn.wordpress. So it’s all about like open source ethics, and how the WordPress community, WordPress project works.

So this opens up their mind about the open source. Because in the education system, it is something that is not clearly mentioned. There are simple, just simple definitions around the open source. But open source is much more than those definitions.

And especially the open source community like WordPress. It’s more about the people. So the students also learn about how the community is working, how the people are working from the different time zones, people are joining hands for running the bigger events like WordCamp Asia or these Credits Programs. The students will learn all those things as well, and I’m sure when they will join as a contributor in the future, they will have lot of experience before joining as well.

[00:53:02] Nathan Wrigley: Thank you. I love that expression, by the way. You just dropped it in in the middle of a sentence there. You said people are joining hands. What a perfect summation of the entire enterprise being discussed today. Maciej, you raised your hand.

[00:53:14] Maciej Pilarski: Yeah, and besides the community goals and keeping it going, I have also a very personal goal that also is behind all of those things that I do. From my own experience, I had a pretty difficult and bumpy educational path, let’s call it. Unlocking those possibilities for those students, helping them out, making it easier for them, it’s one of my very personal goals, because I know it does not need to be very difficult or crazy when you study, especially when you are young. You’re not sure fully which direction you would like to go. So creating for them, one of those opportunities that might click for them is also something very personal and close to my heart. Because not everyone needs to struggle or have like difficulties, so.

[00:53:58] Nathan Wrigley: I am so glad you said that because that encapsulates all of it. That’s the entire point. It’s got to be that, right? So we’ve spent a long time talking about the minutiae of this, that, and the other thing. It all goes, like they’re spokes on a wheel. And the whole point is that little bit in the middle, which is the child, the adult, the human being somewhere who just wants to make use, wants to grow, wants to learn things, wants to figure things out.

With open source, with this kind of learning, there is potentially zero impediment, or at least very few impediments to actually get that learning underway. And so I think maybe we lost sight of that in this conversation a little bit. So I’m glad that you grounded it there, Maciej, right towards the end. That’s perfect. Destiny, was there anything you wanted to say? I don’t know if you were indicating that you did.

[00:54:48] Destiny Kanno: I know we’re like probably over time, but there’s still so much to share. Like even thinking about keeping WordPress relevant, right? For us and then also for youth. I think about the new AI Leaders Credential that was announced and is being worked on. And how tying WordPress to AI is like really helping students engage more, and see like the relevancy of it in a different way. Not even for the students, like for me, that’s challenging me and I think other organisers and learners of WordPress to be adaptable and think about WordPress differently in a new way of this year as AI keeps advancing.

And then you were also talking about wins, right? How do we celebrate that? I did want to surface, we have the Education Buzz Report, which goes out every month, which aims to try to surface all of these educational wins that are happening in the community. And I just have received some further collaboration from marketing to hopefully also broadcast that on our socials going forward so that we do get the word out.

And lastly, like celebrating the students too. There was a post that went out about the Student Clubs and the success. And we just want to make sure that in this, that they feel seen, right? And that this feels like a space for them. And I know WordPress Credits, we’re working on something to showcase, no, something went out recently. A post went out recently to showcase some of the successes of the students. And we just want to keep highlighting that as well. Because their work and the way they operate, especially because they’re coming in with different lenses, is really important to showcase and highlight and make sure that they feel like they deserve that.

[00:56:26] Nathan Wrigley: Yeah, there was a post, I’ll try and link to it. I think it was like a week ago about the Student Clubs. There were three or four images, three or four photos and there were so many smiling faces in those pictures. It was absolutely lovely. Lots of people gathered in classrooms. I couldn’t exactly tell where, but it was just so nice seeing people kind of enjoying WordPress, having a nice time, bit of camaraderie, hanging out with each other, learning things. It was absolutely wonderful.

Unfortunately, I think time might have got the better of us. Hopefully, dear listener, what you’ve gained is an understanding that there’s so many layers to this educational initiative. It doesn’t appear to be in any way standing still. It’s growing. It’s interesting. There’s a lot going on, and you can be involved.

I will put links in the show notes to any of the places where I feel you would be best making a start with that. Maybe the contributors to this panel can drop some things, you know, if they’ve got a particular link. So again, wptavern.com. If you want to go over there, we will look for the links.

This giant edifice that you maybe know nothing about, and maybe at the end of this episode, some parts of you is tuned in and thinking, I would like to be involved in that. And the truth is, you can be. It’s all available to you to get involved and you could start today.

So there we go. With that said, I’m just going to say a great big thank you to Destiny, to Anand, and to Maciej. It kinds of feels like we need to come back. Let’s do it again in six months or so, and we’ll see where we’re at. Oh, I’ve got a lot of nodding faces. That’s nice. So maybe we’ll revisit this in a few months time.

But seriously, from the bottom of my heart, Destiny, Anand and Maciej, profound respect to you and all of the different things that you are doing. Thank you so much for chatting to me today.

[00:58:13] Anand Upadhyay: Thank you.

[00:58:13] Maciej Pilarski: Thank you.

[00:58:14] Destiny Kanno: Thank you.

On the podcast today we’re joined by three WordPress education initiative leaders, Destiny Kanno, Anand Upadhyay and Maciej Pilarski.

Together, they have spent years at the heart of WordPress training and outreach, working in roles spanning community education management, plugin development, and credit program administration. Their efforts have helped shape student engagement and university partnerships across the globe, introducing thousands of learners to WordPress. You can see their bios further down.

The conversation focused on the current landscape of WordPress education, with particular attention to three key initiatives: the WordPress Credits Program, Campus Connect, and Student Clubs. Each initiative is designed to provide unique entry points for students of all ages and education levels, from high schoolers building their first site in a library, to university students earning official credits for open source contributions.

We discussed the different approaches these programs take: WP Credits ties student work directly to academic credit and mentorship, Campus Connect provides flexible, community-driven events in diverse locations, and Student Clubs foster sustainable, peer-led learning within schools and other institutions. We explored how these models feed into each other, building a sustainable ecosystem for ongoing growth in the WordPress community.

We also got into the importance of repeat campus partnerships, the need for scalable facilitator training, and the role of recognition: certificates, badges, and public showcases, in keeping students motivated and validated in their journey.

If you’re curious about the growing movement to bring WordPress knowledge to the next generation, or are looking to get involved with education in your local community, this episode is for you.

Useful links

Previous episode of the podcast related to this episode:
#183 – Destiny Kanno, Isotta Peira and Anand Upadhyay on how WordPress is shaping the future of education for students worldwide

WordPress Community Team

Welcome to WordPress Campus Connect

Stephen Dumba’s WordPress.org profile

WordPress Credits: Contribution Program for Students

WordPress Student Clubs

WordPress Campus Connect in Ajmer

Peer Review Needed: Hands-On WordPress Meetup Activity Library

Introducing the WordPress Facilitator Training Program

Piloting the AI Leaders Micro-Credential

Monthly Education Buzz Report – May 2026

Learn WordPress

WordPress Student Clubs Build Momentum

Links provided by the guests

Guest bios:

Destiny Kanno

Destiny Fox Kanno, sponsored contributor acting as a Community Education Programs Manager at Automattic. Destiny works closely with the Community team and Training Team, with a focus on growing, enabling and amplifying WordPress Campus Connect, Student Club, WordPress Credits and other education initiatives.

Anand Upadhyay

Anand Upadhyay is a long-time WordPress contributor and community advocate based in Ajmer, India. Active in the ecosystem since 2010, he has contributed to several Make WordPress teams including Core, Docs, Community, and Polyglots, with a strong focus on empowering others to get involved. He is the founder of WPVibes, a WordPress plugin development company that builds performance-driven tools for WordPress and WooCommerce users.

Anand is also a regular WordCamp speaker, Meetup organiser, and someone deeply committed to bringing WordPress education to students. In 2024, he launched the first WordPress Campus Connect event, which went on to become a global program officially recognised by the WordPress Foundation. Anand continues to support and mentor student communities through events, workshops, and open-source advocacy.

Maciej Pilarski

Maciej Pilarski is a Community Wrangler at Automattic, where he works on WordPress.org with a focus on educational initiatives that connect the next generation of contributors to the global WordPress community.

As one of the admins behind the WordPress Credits Program, Maciej works with universities across Central & Eastern Europe and Asia to bring students into open source contribution, pairing them with mentors, building institutional partnerships, and helping turn academic coursework into real-world impact on software used by 43% of the web.

Originally from Poland and now based in Okinawa, Japan, Maciej brings a uniquely cross-cultural perspective to community building, bridging local ecosystems in places like Kraków, Riga, Tallinn, and Tokyo with the wider WordPress world. He’s passionate about making open source contribution more accessible and making sure the WordPress community reflects the full diversity of the people who use it.

​WP Tavern

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Alaska News

Alaska Supreme Court rejects state petition to take up Fairbanks charter school dispute

Pearl Creek Elementary Schoool is seen on June 3, 2025. The Fairbanks North Star Borough School District decided to close the school at the end of the academic year. (Photo by Yereth Rosen/Alaska Beacon)

The Alaska Supreme Court declined to take up a case that could have compelled the Fairbanks North Star Borough School District to open a charter school in August. 

The Supreme Court denied an emergency petition on Monday filed by the state and a charter school group to overturn a lower court’s decision and force the district to open the Pearl Creek STEAM charter school. Charter group advocates now say it is unlikely the contested school will open in August.

In a rare move, the Alaska Acting Attorney General Cori Mills petitioned the high court last week on behalf of the charter group to overturn the state court’s decision. 

At issue is whether the Fairbanks school district must open a charter school whose application it denied, but which was later approved by the Alaska State Board of Education. 

The Fairbanks school board last year unanimously denied the Pearl Creek STEAM charter school — focused on science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics – citing a variety of problems with the proposal and the millions in cost to the district. The charter group proposed the school at the site of Pearl Creek elementary school, which was one of three schools closed last year amid severe budget cuts.

The group behind Pearl Creek STEAM opposed the decision, arguing it had a strong proposal and community support backing the new school. The group appealed to the Alaska State Board of Education which approved the application on Apr. 29, overruling the district. The district has appealed that decision in court. The case is ongoing, and a decision is expected in October. 

Bobby Burgess, president of the Fairbanks North Star Borough School District, said by email on Tuesday the district welcomed the Alaska Supreme Court’s decision.

Both the Superior Court’s denial of an injunction and the Supreme Court’s decision to decline additional review of that denial demonstrate that the District is acting in accordance with the law in following the administrative appeal process,” he wrote. “We look forward to seeing that process through to the end.”

With the courts’ decisions, and the district’s opposition, opening the charter school in August is highly unlikely, said Michael Kramer, an attorney for the Pearl Creek STEAM charter group. 

“Unfortunately, I think that the clock has run out to open this year,” Kramer said. “The Supreme Court was really our last chance to get them to weigh in on Monday or Tuesday in time for the teachers’ positions to be posted and comply with union bargaining agreements, as far as hiring staff.”

“I don’t want to say all is lost for this year, but every day that passes, it becomes, you know, increasingly difficult,” he added. 

The Pearl Creek STEAM charter group has maintained in court that the district should comply with the state board’s decision to approve the school, even while the district pursues an appeal.

“The Legislature has made it very clear through their statutory regime on charter schools that the state board has a final say, and once the state board approves a charter application, it doesn’t matter what the district thinks about it, they’re required by law to operate the school,” Kramer said. 

“We are still pursuing every available path forward,” said Jennifer Redmond, a Fairbanks parent and treasurer for the Pearl Creek STEAM group by text on Tuesday. 

“Since receiving the state approval in April, we have sought cooperation, including offering mediation. A delayed start remains possible,” she said. “And we remain committed to creating opportunities for students, families, and teachers while preparing to open as soon as the approval, granted by the State, is fully implemented.”  

On Monday, the group behind the Pearl Creek STEAM charter school filed two motions in court, one arguing for a reconsideration and for the Fairbanks superior court to order the district to agree to open the school.

The charter group argued the court’s decision was mistaken, and that the Fairbanks district should have been required to open the school following the state board’s decision in April. 

“The Court should have entered a declaratory judgment that the District was obligated to undertake all reasonable efforts to operate the school. This judgment could then be enforced via a contempt order if necessary,” Kramer said. 

A decision from the judge on whether to reconsider is due within ten days. 

Another motion filed Monday opposes the district’s petition for a stay, which would block the state board’s approval of the new school.

The district’s attorneys argued a stay was necessary, and in the public’s interest, “to prevent a chaotic and rushed opening of a charter school during summer vacation that does not even have a building. If forced to open a charter school in two months before classes start, the district will be irreparably harmed.”

The Pearl Creek STEAM group urged the court not to grant the stay, saying the district should not further delay opening the school but comply with the state’s approval. “Granting the District a stay at this point would just serve to further reward a flagrant and unexcused failure to abide by a mandatory legal duty,” Kramer wrote. 

A judge will decide whether to grant the district a stay, but the schedule for a decision is open-ended.  

As the court dispute continues, the commissioner with the Alaska Department of Education and Early Development, Deena Bishop, has threatened to withhold state funding from the Fairbanks district if they did not move forward with opening the school. Fairbanks school officials responded on Thursday saying in part, the district “will not be bullied” into unlawful demands.

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How the US Supreme Court decides its cases – a step-by-step guide

Demonstrators gather in front of the Supreme Court building on June 23, 2026, in Washington. Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images

Each June, the nation turns its attention to the U.S. Supreme Court as it hands down some of its most consequential decisions.

Long before a landmark Supreme Court ruling dominates the headlines, it is shaped by a highly structured legal process, much of which takes place out of public view. This procedure involves strict gatekeeping rules, a series of private conferences, written briefs, oral arguments and, finally, the announcement of an opinion.

As a legal and Supreme Court scholar, I know that understanding how the nation’s highest court actually makes policy requires stepping into this exceptionally regulated, sometimes hidden routine. It is through this process that the court evaluates, and eventually decides, increasingly high-stakes cultural and political battles.

Here’s how it all unfolds:

The agenda-setting process

The Supreme Court is a reactive institution. This means that it must wait for individuals, businesses, governments and the like to bring cases to the court before it can issue a ruling.

The way this most commonly works is that the party who loses in a lower court files a writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court. This is a legal document that outlines why the court should review the case. The party who won in the lower court can file a brief in opposition, arguing that the lower court made the right decision and therefore the case does not warrant Supreme Court review.

Sometimes, interest groups weigh in by filing amicus curiae, or “friend of the court” briefs. Amicus briefs help signal that a case has broad national importance. The court is more likely to review cases accompanied by amicus briefs.

In recent years, the high court has received about 4,000 of these petitions per term, and it decides less than 80 cases. This means the odds of getting the court to hear any given case are quite small – about 2%.

To handle the large volume of petitions, the justices rely heavily on their law clerks. These are young lawyers – typically only a few years out of law school – who write short memos for the justices recommending that they grant or deny each petition.

On most Fridays throughout their term, the justices meet to discuss these petitions. This is a private conference with only the nine justices in attendance. Here, the court employs a rule of four: It takes the votes of four out of the nine justices to agree to review a case.

Following the conference, the court releases its list of cases granted and denied certiorari, known as the orders of the court. For cases denied certiorari, the lower court decision stands. Cases granted certiorari move onto the merits stage.

Legal briefs and oral arguments

The primary way the parties to a case try to persuade the justices is through their legal briefs. The petitioner, who lost in the lower court, tries to convince the justices that the lower court made some sort of legal error that should be reversed. The respondent, the lower court winner, argues that the lower court decision was correct and should be affirmed.

Interest groups, businesses and other interested entities that aren’t parties to the case can weigh in through a second type of amicus curiae brief. These briefs often highlight the public policy implications of a case, and they provide a way for these groups to pursue their ideological goals.

In recent terms, there has been an average of about 16 amicus briefs per case. And some cases see more than 100 amicus briefs, such as in Obergefell v. Hodges, the court’s 2015 same-sex marriage case, which had 148 briefs.

Two policemen seen standing behind bars stand in front of a federal building.
Police stand watch in front of the Supreme Court building on June 18, 2026, in Washington before the court handed down three decisions.
Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images

After briefing, oral arguments take place. Most oral arguments take an hour, with the time divided evenly between the petitioner and respondent. During oral arguments, the justices pepper the attorneys with questions and frequently preview how they might vote in the case.

Conference and votes

A few days after oral arguments, the justices meet again in a private conference to discuss cases and cast preliminary votes. The chief justice speaks first, followed by the rest of the court in order of seniority.

A majority forms in this conference, although the justices are free to change their votes until the opinion is announced, and occasionally do so.

Perhaps most importantly, a justice in the majority is assigned to draft the majority opinion. If the chief justice is in the court’s majority, the chief makes the opinion assignment. The chief justice can assign the opinion to another justice in the majority or to himself. If the chief justice is in the minority, the most senior justice in the majority makes the opinion assignment.

Majority opinions typically go through a series of revisions, as justices bargain and negotiate over its content. They do this by providing written feedback to the majority opinion author. If a justice in the court’s initial majority grows unhappy with the content of the draft opinion, they can defect by joining the minority.

In addition to the majority opinion, justices may write concurring and dissenting opinions. Concurring opinions are written by justices in the majority and are often used to highlight a different legal basis for the court’s decision. Dissenting opinions are written by justices who are in the minority and disagree with the outcome of the case and the majority’s reasoning.

Releasing opinions

The final step is the public release and announcement of the court’s opinions. This occurs on a rolling basis throughout the court’s term – from October to late June or early July – but the most important cases usually come down in June.

During opinion announcement, the majority opinion author usually reads a summary of the court’s opinion. On rare occasions, dissenting justices may read from their opinions. Reading a dissent from the bench signals that a justice is particularly unhappy with the majority’s decision.

For instance, on June 29, 2023, Justice Sonia Sotomayor read from her fiery dissent in Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard College. In that opinion, Sotomayor criticized the court’s majority for effectively ending affirmative action in college admissions. According to Sotomayor, affirmative action programs are constitutional because they help to achieve the 14th Amendment’s guarantee of racial equality by mitigating the enduring effects of racial discrimination.

The blockbuster rulings that dominate the news cycle each June are not sudden flashes of judicial willpower. They are the product of a lengthy and carefully structured process in which thousands of petitions are screened, less than 80 cases are argued, and draft opinions are negotiated and refined behind closed doors. By the time a decision is announced from the bench, it reflects months of legal argument, deliberation and compromise.

Understanding that process helps demystify the court and reveals how nine unelected justices can shape the meaning of the Constitution and, in turn, influence the everyday lives of millions of Americans.

The Conversation

Paul M. Collins Jr. does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

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I study the Declaration of Independence, and here’s why the colonists’ grievances are surprisingly relevant, 250 years later

The colonists’ complaints listed in the Declaration of Independence are still relevant 250 years later. toddtaulman/iStock via Getty Images

The Declaration of Independence, with its block of cursive letters scrawled onto parchment, looks like a relic from the distant past. Likewise, you might think the 27 grievances against King George III, his government and the British people listed in the body of the document would have little relevance to our lives today.

After all, what could the specific complaints of colonists in 1776 have to do with 2026? The parts of the declaration worth knowing about are the soaring sentences in the opening paragraphs about self-evident truths, pursuing happiness and all men being created equal. Right?

I’m a professor of history, and I have been researching the Declaration of Independence for nearly a quarter-century. The document has been featured prominently in the four books I have written on the founding of the U.S., especially the recently published “Tyrants and Rogues: Understanding the Declaration of Independence.”

In my assessment, the issues that most disturbed the Revolution’s leaders in 1776 are ones Americans are still concerned about today: a partisan judiciary, arbitrary power, officials not being responsible to their constituents, people lacking a voice in decisions that affect their families, and even policies about immigration and citizenship. Moreover, studying the grievances reveals how the Revolution depended on ordinary Americans. Without their political outrage and participation in the rebellion, American independence would have failed.

Where does authority come from? What are the limits of force, coercion and power? To whom are public officials beholden, and who decides the rule of law? What if these problems were to escalate into violence – or even civil war? These are 21st-century problems as much as they were 18th-century ones.

Historian Robert Parkinson explores the 27 grievances at the heart of the Declaration of Independence.

The colonists’ red lines

The declaration’s opening sentences are among the most famous written, but there are powerful statements further down, too, identifying what colonists in 1776 could not tolerate.

In the declaration, the colonists discuss the king’s effort to make “the military independent of and superior to the civil power.” For example, when Rhode Islanders complained about how the British ship Gaspee was attacking their ships without mercy in its hunt for smugglers, the Royal Navy waved away the colonial government.

The Declaration of Independence also featured threats to the courts: the king’s attempt to make “judges dependent on his will alone,” and Parliament “depriving” Americans “of the benefits of trial by jury.” Parliament was also “taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments.”

For example, in 1774, in response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament had stripped Massachusetts of its colonial charter and revamped its government, making many elected positions appointed instead.

These were the grounds of revolution in 1776 and what colonists held to be the markings of a tyrant.

The people in the margins

Reading the grievances also illuminates a diverse cast of characters, one different from the 56 white men who signed the declaration, of whom nearly all were wealthy and of whom the majority had been enslavers.

When we learn the stories behind the declaration’s grievances, we find people of color hiding in plain sight, and not just in Thomas Jefferson’s notorious reference to “merciless Indian savages” in the final charge. African Americans and Indigenous peoples were making their presence felt and voices heard in the years before the Revolutionary War.

For example, the declaration’s final charge refers to “domestic insurrections.” “Domestics” was an 18th-century euphemism for enslaved people. This was Congress’ way of including a reference to Lord Dunmore’s emancipation proclamation, which promised freedom to enslaved people who joined the British. Historians estimate that at least 1,000 people reached Dunmore and freedom. Many more tried.

In several other seemingly unrelated grievances – like the king’s use of the royal veto, impressment, and the collapse of the judiciary – minority groups shaped the declaration. The 7th grievance, for example, is about the king preventing immigration to the colonies. But when it says he was “raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands,” it is really about Indigenous people; in fact, no reference to land in America could be about anything else. Those “conditions” included the Proclamation Line of 1763, a policy crafted to protect the boundaries of Native lands. That measure was the result of Indigenous people fighting to defend their homes for more than a decade.

The crowd behind the cause

Ordinary men and women in colonial cities and the countryside are behind the screen of the declaration’s list of charges too. The revolutionary movement could not have gained momentum otherwise.

Rowdy behavior lurks behind what seem like antiquated phrases like, in the 10th grievance, “swarms of officers” sent to eat the colonists’ substance, a reference taken from the Bible and applied to the dozens of customs officers sent to Boston in the late 1760s.

Most Americans today are familiar with some of the famous examples, like Bostonians dumping tea in the harbor in response to the Tea Act of 1773. But everyday people expressed their political outrage time and again, throwing rocks at and demolishing the houses of government officials, torching the king’s ships and forts and, eventually, marching to battle.

Those swarms? They caused significant unrest in Boston that culminated in paving stones being hurled at British officers and one of their boats being burned on Boston Common.

The grievances demonstrate the widespread, sustained fury that Britain’s imperial reforms produced in the colonies and present a more comprehensive – and complicated – view of the U.S. at the moment of its birth.

Colonists in boats set fire to a British ship
The burning of the British ship Gaspee was one of the many acts of colonial defiance behind the Declaration of Independence’s grievances.
Interim Archives/Archive Photos via Getty Images

The men behind the king’s design

From the distance of 250 years, it is natural that Americans have largely forgotten the individuals the colonists held responsible for inflicting such pain. Thomas Jefferson and Congress focused on a tyrant king in the declaration, but George III had all sorts of assistants who, they argued, conspired to injure the American people.

These include members of the king’s cabinet, such as the Lords North, Hillsborough and Mansfield; and military officers such as General Thomas Gage, Lieutenant William Dudingston and Admiral Samuel Graves. Americans today probably haven’t heard of most of these people, but they were household names in 1776.

They also include appointed officials, such as royal governors Josiah Martin, Lord Dunmore and William Tryon, who went to battle against North Carolina farmers protesting taxes and corrupt officials.

To modern Americans, the grievances may seem abstract and devoid of life, but for the colonists, the grievances had faces. Behind each charge was a person enacting the king’s design. The Revolution’s leaders became convinced that the actions of these officials made it impossible for the 13 colonies to remain in the British Empire. They feared that if they did not take this step toward independence, Americans would lose the ability to seek justice, make their voices heard or enjoy representative government.

In 1825, Jefferson described the Declaration of Independence as an “expression of the American mind.” The grievances were part of that – challenges that ordinary men and women of all backgrounds had faced. Americans today can still learn from how they responded.

The Conversation

Robert Parkinson does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

​Politics + Society – The Conversation

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Pennsylvania coroners refuse to release autopsy reports – and that hinders research on deaths in custody

Coroners in counties across Pennsylvania are ignoring rules that require them to make autopsy reports accessible to the public. Carla Gottgens/Bloomberg via Getty Images

Independent journalist Derek Sherwood submitted a records request in Centre County, Pennsylvania, in January 2026. He requested an autopsy report related to a 1987 cold case that he was researching for a book project.
After Coroner Scott Sayers denied the request, Sherwood successfully appealed to the Office of Open Records, or OOR, a state agency responsible for adjudicating Right-To-Know Law disputes.

But Sayers still refused to release the report.

On May 14, the day before he was legally required to comply with the OOR’s decision, Sayers obtained a temporary court injunction that shielded the autopsy report from release.

Around the same time, PennLive reporter Jenna Wise requested three autopsy reports related to a 2025 crime spree from Susquehanna County Coroner Jessica Chiaramonte. Like Sayers, Chiaramonte also denied the request and then filed motions with the Court of Common Pleas to seal the reports.

And when I contacted Clearfield County Coroner Kim Shaffer-Snyder in May to request autopsy reports for three men who died in Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention, I was quoted US$2,100 for a short stack of printed pages.

These experiences reflect a wider pattern. In counties across Pennsylvania, coroners routinely refuse to make autopsy reports and other records available to members of the public.

Coroners’ reasons for this are inconsistent and often unclear. Sometimes they say that releasing autopsy reports would jeopardize ongoing law enforcement activities. Sometimes they cite medical privacy standards that do not apply to autopsy reports. And sometimes they don’t provide any reasoning at all.

When coroners do agree to release their records, they charge as much as $700 per case. These fees place autopsy reports out of reach for most requesters, including journalists and researchers like me.

I’m a postdoctoral fellow studying the impacts of mass incarceration on medicine and public health. I’m also a freelance reporter who uses public records to understand what goes on behind the walls of prisons and jails.

In 2022 I partnered with colleague Terence Keel, a professor of human biology and society, to systematically request autopsy reports related to hundreds of deaths in prisons and jails across Pennsylvania.

We submitted requests in over three dozen counties. Then we waited. And waited.

Our plan was to conduct a rigorous statewide study of deaths in custody. Instead, we discovered that autopsy reports are not nearly as public in practice as Pennsylvania law requires.

What PA state law requires

The Pennsylvania County Code provides two pathways through which members of the public can obtain autopsy reports and other coroners records.

First, a requester can obtain them directly from the coroner through the payment of statutory fees. This is the only option available if a requester wants an autopsy report that was produced during the current calendar year.

In most places, however, these fees do not apply to older reports. In all counties with fewer than 500,000 residents, the law requires coroners to deposit the past year’s records with the county prothonotary at the beginning of each new year. The prothonotary is an independent elected official who serves as a designated record-keeper, among other duties.

Once in the prothonotary’s custody, all coroners records are to be made available “for the inspection of interested members of the public” – no fees required. This is the second way a requester can obtain an autopsy report in Pennsylvania.

But the state’s largest jurisdictions, including Philadelphia collar counties such as Bucks, Montgomery and Delaware, are exempt from this requirement. Requesters in those counties must pay the statutory fees no matter how old the requested autopsy report may be.

Due to carve-outs like this, autopsy reports in the counties with the most jail deaths are least accessible to public review.

Philadelphia and Allegheny counties

Philadelphia County and Allegheny County, where Pittsburgh is located, are the only jurisdictions in Pennsylvania to have a chief medical examiner. Unlike a coroner, who is typically elected by the people, a medical examiner is appointed by the county executive or health commissioner.

In a landmark 2023 case brought by journalist Brittany Hailer, the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania ruled the Allegheny County Medical Examiner’s Office was subject to the same public release requirements as coroners elsewhere in the state.

Hailer had requested the autopsy report for Daniel Pastorek, a 63-year-old man who died in Allegheny County Jail in 2020 without leaving behind a documented next of kin. The Allegheny County Medical Examiner’s Office denied Hailer’s request on the basis that she was not related to Pastorek, and their policy was to release autopsy reports only to next of kin. But the Commonwealth Court ruled that Hailer was entitled to pay the fees and receive Pastorek’s autopsy report, regardless of her identity.

When Hailer finally obtained the report, she found that the medical examiners never performed a full autopsy. They merely viewed Pastorek’s body, then declared that he died of natural causes.

But the Philadelphia Medical Examiner’s Office is not subject to this ruling. Philadelphia, as the state’s largest county by population, is carved out of the section of the Pennsylvania County Code known as the Coroner’s Act.

The Philadelphia Medical Examiner’s Office releases autopsy reports only to next of kin or in response to a subpoena.

James Garrow, communications director for the Philadelphia Department of Public Health, which oversees the Medical Examiner, described this to me in a June 2026 email as “a policy decision.”

The Philadelphia Medical Examiner’s Office has made no changes to its policies in light of Hailer v. Allegheny County, Garrow added, citing the Coroner’s Act carve-out and the Philadelphia Home Rule Charter of 1951, which eliminated the office of the coroner.

High fees, but ‘no discretion’ – in theory

Pennsylvania law establishes high fees for coroners’ records – $500 per autopsy report, plus an additional $100 each for toxicology and coroner–investigator reports.

By comparison, the Los Angeles County Medical Examiner charges a total of $32 for a comprehensive report that includes all three.

But the hefty price tag in Pennsylvania comes with an unambiguous guarantee.

In a 2012 decision called Hearst Television Inc. v. Norris, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court held that if a requester pays the fee, the coroner must provide the requested record. The coroner has “no discretion” in such cases, the court ruled.

Yet when Keel and I tried to obtain autopsy reports in 2022, coroners in 21 counties failed to respond to our requests at all. This is despite the fact that Pennsylvania’s Right-To-Know Law requires county officials to acknowledge receipt of all requests within five business days.

Another three coroners acknowledged receipt of our requests but stopped responding to us when we tried to make arrangements to view or collect the reports.

And coroners in 10 counties, including Beaver, Centre, Chester, Dauphin, Indiana and York, denied our requests outright.

We appealed to the Office of Open Records, which consistently ruled in our favor and characterized one coroner’s legal arguments as “frivolous.”

Defying the public deposit requirement

The Coroner’s Act stipulates that in counties with fewer than 500,000 residents, the coroner must deposit “all official records and papers for the preceding year in the office of the prothonotary” for “the inspection of interested members of the public.”

But of the 41 counties we contacted in 2022, only in three was the prothonotary or the county open records officer actually in possession of autopsy reports and able to release them to us.

Some coroners seemed to be unaware of their duty to deposit their records with the prothonotary, telling us they had never done so. Other coroners told us that they had entered into agreements with their local prothonotaries about retaining custody of their records. Such agreements have no clear statutory basis under the County Code.

Still other coroners, however, tried to use the gap between the law and their offices’ practices to stymie our requests.

Sayers, for example, claimed that his office’s autopsy reports were all in the custody of the prothonotary. He suggested we use Webia – Centre County’s online records retrieval system – to locate them.

Webia is a pay-to-use database. It requires a payment simply to set up an account, and it automatically collects a fee for each search a user performs. After a few days of costly and tedious searching, we concluded that Sayers had misled us.

The Office of Open Records agreed.

“There is no evidence that the requested autopsy and toxicology reports were ever deposited with the County Prothonotary,” the appeals officer wrote. “The practical effect is that any requester … is left to obtain them, at great cost,” by paying the statutory fees, he added.

A similar story unfolded in Dauphin County. Coroner Graham Hetrick denied our request and told us to look for autopsy reports at the prothonotary’s office, despite never having deposited them there.

After the OOR accused him of acting “in violation of the public interest,” Hetrick finally released the autopsy reports we requested.

Sayers, however, appealed the OOR’s determination to the Centre County Court of Common Pleas. We didn’t have the resources to fight the case, and the court ruled in Sayers’ favor.

The judge’s 95-word opinion did not address any of the matters raised in the OOR’s 11-page final determination, including the appeals officer’s conclusion that “the County, based upon the actions of its Coroner, may have acted in bad faith.”

I contacted Hetrick and Sayers last year to ask for their responses to the OOR’s criticisms. Neither responded. I reached out to Sayers in June 2026 with a more detailed list of questions, but again he did not respond.

Exterior of grey concrete building with sign that says 'Pennsylvania Judicial Center'
Decisions by the Office of Open Records can be appealed to the local Court of Common Pleas, then further appealed to the Commonwealth Court, which hears cases in the Pennsylvania Judicial Center.
AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster

Only 3 of 41 counties readily provided reports

Of the 41 counties we contacted, only Lancaster, Lebanon and Lehigh counties released the autopsy reports we requested without attempting to charge us the statutory fees or requiring us to appeal the matter to the OOR.

In two of those counties – Lancaster and Lehigh – previous court decisions explicitly ordered the coroners to deposit autopsy reports with the prothonotary.

During the 2023-24 legislative session, the Pennsylvania State Coroners’ Association worked with state representative Carol Hill-Evans (D-York) to introduce a bill that would have eliminated the public deposit requirement entirely. Michael Kriner, a registered consultant for the PSCA, confirmed the association’s involvement in an email to me last year.

The proposal never made it out of committee.

In counties with fewer than 500,000 residents – that’s currently 60 of Pennsylvania’s 67 counties – the coroner is still required to deposit all autopsy reports and other records for the preceding year with the prothonotary.

That’s the law, whether coroners follow it or not.

The Conversation U.S. reached out to the Pennsylvania State Coroners’ Association to ask why coroners across the state are withholding autopsy reports and failing to deposit their records with the prothonotary. The Conversation U.S. also asked for clarification on the association’s position regarding the release of autopsy reports in exchange for the payment of fees.

The PSCA did not respond.

A ‘united front effort’ to prevent release

In February 2023, after more than six months of fighting for autopsy reports in numerous Pennsylvania counties, Keel and I obtained a batch of emails through a Right-To-Know Law request that shed light on what was happening behind the scenes.

Within days of receiving our request for autopsy reports in June 2022, Sayers contacted the Pennsylvania State Coroners’ Association to ask for guidance.

“Can you find out if any other coroners received a request like this?” Sayers wrote in an email to Scott Grim, a former Lehigh County coroner who was then the PSCA’s executive director.

A few days later, Susan Shanaman, then an attorney for the PSCA, sent an email to a list of numerous recipients, including dozens of sitting coroners. She suggested that coroners take the maximum extension allowed by law before responding to our requests, since they contained “unique issues … such as the requests seem to be all related to police-involved shootings and deaths in prison.”

Later, in another email, Shanaman suggested “that the requests be denied.”

In yet another email, Shanaman wrote, “I did a little more digging.” She attached a magazine article describing Keel’s research about jail deaths in Los Angeles. “A legacy of confronting injustice,” read the headline. This material, wrote Shanaman, “speaks of the goal to find racism in death investigations.”

A few months later, Chester County Coroner Sophia Garcia-Jackson sent an email to the same list. “If any other counties are dealing with the right to know UCLA Terrence Keel appeal with the Office of Open records, can you please reach out to me directly,” Garcia-Jackson wrote.

“My Solicitor and I would like to discuss a united front effort to prevent these records from being released,” she added.

Garcia-Jackson’s “united front effort” did not succeed.

In December 2023, the Commonwealth Court ruled in Terence Keel v. Chester County Office of the Coroner that Garcia-Jackson had no legal basis upon which to withhold the autopsy reports we requested.

We won.

The OOR now cites the case, alongside Hailer v. Allegheny County, when it orders coroners to turn over autopsy reports.

Despite this victory in court, however, the records we requested remained inaccessible to us in practice. The ruling affirmed the public character of autopsy reports, but it did not comment on the coroner’s failure to deposit them with the prothonotary.

Our only option was to obtain the records directly from Garcia-Jackson’s office. In June 2024, she informed us through an attorney that her office would charge the full statutory fee for each report, plus an additional duplication fee.

At least 14 people died in the custody of Chester County between 2008 and 2021. Autopsies were performed on 12 of them. If we want to study those cases, we will have to pay the coroner $7,520.

That total includes only autopsy and toxicology reports. Getting coroner-investigator reports could cost another $1,200 or more.

I contacted Garcia-Jackson, Grim and Shanaman in March 2025 to ask for their comments on the contents of their emails. None responded.

I also reached out to PSCA president and Washington County coroner Tim Warco to ask whether the PSCA helped to coordinate a statewide effort to prevent the release of autopsy reports to Keel and me.

He didn’t respond either.

Breaking the law – and public trust

In Pennsylvania, the public’s right to review autopsy reports is protected by state law. Yet many coroners do not welcome public oversight.

The autopsy report Sherwood requested in Centre County remains temporarily sealed. The court will hold a hearing at a later date to determine whether this seal can be permanent.

The court in Susquehanna County ruled in Wise’s favor. She obtained the three autopsy reports in April and has since put them to use in a major investigation published on PennLive.

After Shaffer-Snyder quoted me $2,100 in response to my query about the three men who died in ICE custody, I asked whether the relevant autopsy reports had been deposited with the prothonotary, as required by law. She did not answer the question.

Instead, Shaffer-Snyder told me I could travel from California to her office in Clearfield County to view the reports in person. But I would not be allowed to duplicate them in a manner consistent with news reporting or academic research.

“There will be no electronic devices permitted to be present while the files are being reviewed,” she wrote in an email, without providing an explanation or legal justification.

When coroners attempt to shield autopsy reports from scrutiny, they’re not just violating the public trust. Often, they’re also breaking the law.

This article was made possible by a grant from the Fund for Investigative Journalism.

Read more of our stories about Philadelphia and Pennsylvania, or sign up for our Philadelphia newsletter on Substack.

The Conversation

Jonah Walters does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

​Politics + Society – The Conversation